The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) released video clips on Thursday of footage which it said had been filmed from the aircraft on Monday.
PCG spokesman Jay Tarriela said on social media that the unarmed plane was on a maritime domain awareness flight over part of the Spratly Islands when Chinese forces fired multiple flares at it.
Beijing has not responded to the claim.
The footage appears to show flares being fired from land as the aircraft approaches the artificial islands. In one clip, a lighthouse visible in the background appears to match the structure China built on Subi Reef in 2016.
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